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【深度新闻】我国食品标准体系在食品安全监管过程中的应用及现存问题!
2024-10-28 19:27:48 点击量:
王俏 1,2,3,4 ,周海燕 3,4 ,毕孝瑞 5 ,韩世鹤 1,2 (1. 中国检验检疫科学研究院 食品安全危害分析与关键控制点/HACCP研究所,北京 100176; 2. 中国检验检疫科学研究院 国家市场监管重点实验室 食品质量与安全,北京 100176; 3. 四川省食品检验研究院,四川 成都 611731; 4. 国家市场监管重点实验室 白酒监管技术,四川 成都 611731; 5. 沈阳海关技术中心,辽宁 沈阳 110013 ) DOI:10.13590/j.cjfh.2023.03.017 1 新华社. 中央农村工作会议举行 习近平、李克强作重要讲话[J]. 中国乡镇企业, 2014(1): 37-39. 2 王振旭, 魏法山, 乔青青, 等. 我国食品标准的现状及存在的问题[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2017(18): 16-17. 3 樊永祥, 彭荣, 王竹天. 中国食品标准体系现况分析[J]. 中国卫生标准管理, 2012, 3(9): 2-9. 4 张哲, 朱蕾, 樊永祥. 构建最严谨的食品安全标准体系[J]. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2020, 32(6): 604-608. 5 甘藏春, 田世宏. 中华人民共和国标准化法释义[M]. 北京: 中国法制出版社, 2017. 6 全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国食品安全法[A]. 中华人民共和国第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议, 2015. 7 樊永祥. 食品安全国家标准是什么?[J]. 农业工程技术: 农产品加工业, 2013(3): 41-42. 8 央广网. 国家食品药品监管总局制定《食品补充检验方法工作规定》[Z/OL]. (2017-01-04)[2021-12-24]. https://health.cnr.cn/jkgdxw/20170104/t20170104_523436301.shtml. 9 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全抽样检验管理办法(国家市场监督管理总局令第15号)[EB/OL]. (2019-08-16)[2021-12-24]. http://gkml.samr.gov.cn/ nsjg/fgs/201908/t20190816_306080.html. 10 State Administration for Market Supervision. Administrative Measures for Sampling Inspection of Food Safety (Order No.15 of the State Administration for Market Supervision) [EB/OL]. (2019-08-16)[2021-12-24]. http://gkml.samr.gov.cn/nsjg/fgs/201908/t20190816_306080.html. 11 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 预包装食品中致病菌限量: GB 29921—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. 12 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 食品安全国家标准 食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的测定: GB 5009.97—2016[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. 13 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准: GB 2760—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015. 14 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中真菌毒素限量: GB 2761—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. 15 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量: GB 2762—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. 16 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量: GB 2763—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. 17 中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品安全国家标准 食品营养强化剂使用标准: GB 14880—2012[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2013. 18 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中铝的测定: GB 5009.182—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. 19 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定: GB 5009.5—2016[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. 20 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺检测方法: GB/T 22388—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008. 21 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 食品安全国家标准 豆制品: GB 2712—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015. 22 中华人民共和国农业部. 脱水蔬菜叶菜类: NY/T 960—2006[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006. 23 中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量: GB 2762—2012[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2012. 24 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定: GB 12456—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. 25 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 食品中总酸的测定: GB/T 12456—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. 26 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 啤酒分析方法: GB/T 4928—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. 27 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 啤酒: GB/T 4927—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. 28 国家食品药品监督管理总局. 药品检验补充检验方法和检验项目批准件2014008[Z]. 2014. 29 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 食品安全管理体系 餐饮业要求: GB/T 27306—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. 30 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 散装即食食品中致病菌限量: GB 31607—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. 31 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局. 食品安全国家标准 餐饮服务通用卫生规范: GB 31654—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. 32 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 葡萄酒: GB 15037—2006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008. 33 最高人民法院, 最高人民检察院. 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理危害食品安全刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释[J]. 司法业务文选, 2013(28): 31-35.1 我国食品标准体系建设现状
1.1 食品标准体系整体架构
1.2 食品安全国家标准体系建设情况
1.3 食品安全国家标准的必要补充
2 食品标准在食品抽检监测工作中的应用
2.1 食品标准是抽检监测计划制定的重要依据
2.2 食品标准是正确规范抽样的有效指导
2.3 食品标准是开展检验工作的具体应用
2.4 食品标准在核查处置工作中发挥作用
3 食品标准与食品抽检监测工作的符合性问题
3.1 食品分类系统不够完善
3.2 部分标准可操作性不足
3.3 部分标准表述不明确
3.4 部分标准更新时效性较差
3.5 部分判定标准与检验方法标准配套衔接问题
3.6 餐饮食品、复合食品缺乏相关食品安全标准
3.7 部分新发布标准的应用存在困难
3.8 部分存在天然本底的产品缺乏明确本底含量水平标准
3.9 食品安全标准缺乏严重超标等量化指标
4 对策与建议
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The application and issues of food standard system in China during food safety supervision
WANG Qiao 1,2,3,4 ,ZHOU Haiyan 3,4 ,BI Xiaorui 5 ,HAN Shihe 1,2
(1. Food Safety Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Applied Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; 3. Sichuan Institute of Food Inspection, Sichuan Chengdu 611731, China; 4. Key Laboratory of Baijiu Supervising Technology for State Market Regulation, Sichuan Chengdu 611731, China; 5. Shenyang Customs Technology Center, Liaoning Shenyang 110013, China )
Abstract: Food standards are the important basis and criterion to guide the scientific, standardized and orderly implementation of food safety supervision.But there are problems such as poor compliance with regulatory needs. At present, China’s food standard system is still in the stage of gradual construction stage. According to the role and application of food standards in the food safety supervision, the compliance and matching are analyzed and studied between food standard system and actual supervision. The paper mainly analyzes China’s food standard system according with the application during food safety supervision. It is suggested to improve the follow-up evaluation of the standards tracking and evaluation gradually, simplifying and optimizing the revision process of the standard system, and integrating food classification standards to provide strong support and basis for food safety supervision.
引用本文: 王俏,周海燕,毕孝瑞等.我国食品标准体系在食品安全监管过程中的应用及现存问题[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2023,35(03):429-435. (WANG Qiao,ZHOU Haiyan,BI Xiaorui,et al.The application and issues of food standard system in China during food safety supervision[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2023,35(03):429-435.)
作者简介:王俏 女 高级工程师 研究方向为食品安全、检验检测与统计分析 E-mail:daqiao1123@126.com
通讯作者:韩世鹤 女 助理研究员 研究方向为预警交流和统计分析 E-mail:hansh@caiq.org.cn
基金信息: 中国检验检疫科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020JK013);国家市场监督管理总局科技计划(2019MK129)
中图分类号: R155
文章编号:1004-8456(2023)03-0429-07
文献标识码: A
收稿日期:2021-12-24
出版日期:2023-03-31
网刊发布日期:2023-05-24